Genetic Transformation Of Genetic Dna - 877 Words

Genetic transformation occurs when an organism’s genetic makeup is altered due to the introduction of new genetic information which is then incorporated into the organism’s genome. In this lab the pGLO plasmid is introduced into E. Coli bacteria, and incorporates the genes which code for the GFP and beta lactamase to the bacteria’s genome which as a result will be modified. To test the effects of the plasmid, bacteria treated with the plasmid were grown on separate plates, the first containing LB nutrient broth and ampicillin, another containing LB nutrient broth and arabinose and another containing LB nutrient broth, ampicillin and arabinose. Two more plates were grown, one with LB nutrient broth and ampicillin and the other with only the LB broth, using cells that did not contain the plasmid. Since the lab was about genetic transformation, the goal was to find which plate would glow. It was found that the plates that were not exposed to the plasmid did not glow , and the plates containing LB and arabinose and LB, ampicillin and arabinose did glow. The plates containing ampicillin, the antibiotic that kills E. coli did not grow whereas the remaining plates at least had some growth. Introduction Transformation is the directed modification of a genome by the external application of DNA from a cell of different genotype (Griffiths and Miller).Bacterial transformation is the easiest type of transformation to create and study due to the single cellularity of bacteria and itsShow MoreRelatedHeritable Genetic Information In Escherichia Coli In Transformation1664 Words   |  7 PagesHeritable Genetic Information in Escherichia Coli in Transformation and Deoxyribonucleic Acid A report for Biology 2000 written by Alana Pay : 001196733 Introduction Griffin was a scientist that showed that there was a non-living component to heritability between organisms, although he had not yet discovered what exactly was the heritable component. However, during this time period, it was a common belief that the heritable material was contained within the protein of the organism, not the DNA thatRead MoreEssay on The Discovery Of The Structure Of DNA1526 Words   |  7 PagesJames Watson and Francis Crick discovered the structure of DNA, but only by drawing on the work of many scientists who came before them. (Maddox, 2003) In 1944, Oswald T. Avery, Colin M. MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty published â€Å"Studies on the Chemical Nature of the Substance Inducing Transformation of Pneumococcal Types†, which was the first scientific work to identify DNA as the molecule that carried genetic information, and became a breakthrough at that time. (Avery, Macleod, McCarty, 1944) BeforeRead MoreLara Guvelioglu. Bi 108 E2. Nahomie Rodriguez-Sastre. 04/13/17.1632 Words   |  7 PagesBacteria Escherichia coli’s Genetic Transformation Using Vector Plasmid DNA pGLO Abstract The field of biotechnology involves the concept of genetic engineering, altering the DNA/genetic material of an organism using information from a different one. The process in which bacteria can obtain this manipulated genetic information from another source is called genetic transformation. The goal of this experiment was to genetically transform Escherichia coli bacteria’s DNA by inserting the vector pGLORead MoreThe Domestication of Animals Was the Percursor to Genetic Engineering706 Words   |  3 Pages The domestication of animals 30,000 years ago was the precursor to Genetic Engineering. Starting with the dog we have since been able to introduce desirable traits in all organisms. With the discovery of plasmids in the late 60’s we have been able to take genetic engineering even further. Plasmids are small circular DNA molecules used to amplify and replicate a gene of interest. These minute molecules have the ability to replicate with the chromosome or independently, allowing them to have upRead MoreThe Transformation Of E. Coli885 Words   |  4 PagesJack Dildabanian Ms. Buckley Genetics 11/6/15 The Transformation of E. coli using the plasmid GFP Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to observe bacterial growth under various conditions including the transformation of bacteria; to understand how the process of transformation occurs. Background Information: Transformation is the â€Å"process by which the genetic material carried by an individual cell is altered by the incorporation of foreign (exogenous) DNA into its genome† (MedicineNet.comRead MoreEssay on Pglo Transformation Lab Report1486 Words   |  6 PagesTransformation Lab Report Introduction Transformation is the transfers of virulence from one cell to another, through the transferring of genetic material. It was originally postulated in 1928 through the works of Federick Griffith, a British microbiologist. Griffith observed that the mutant form, non-virulent form, of the bacteria Streptococcus Pnumoniae could be transformed into the normal, virulent form, when injected into mice along with heat killed normal forms. He concluded that somehowRead MoreGenetic Engineering : The Technique Of Producing Recombinant Hybrid Dna By Combining Two Different Strands Of Dna1731 Words   |  7 Pageswould like to thank Abdul Ahad Memon for proof reading my paper. Abstract Genetic engineering is the technique of producing recombinant hybrid DNA by combining two different strands of DNA. The fundamental concept of genetic engineering is gene cloning; the technique of altering the genetic structure of an organism. Gene cloning has four basic processes, namely cutting : the process of isolating the required starnd of DNA, modification : the process of altering the ends of the strand so that theyRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms Are Safe And Should Be Used1226 Words   |  5 Pagesgenetically modified organisms. A genetically modified organism is living organisms whose genetic material has been artificially manipulated in a laboratory through genetic engineering. Although some see this as a bad thing, I personally feel that GMOs are safe and should be used routinely. Corn for example, is something that is used daily in the study of genetic modifications. One large example of the genetic modification is Bt corn. Corn has been around for many years and has served many useful purposesRead MoreGenetic Expression In Gene Expression801 Words   |  4 PagesIn gene expression DNA, the blueprint of life is transcribed into RNA, a nucleic acid that acts as a messenger carrying instructions that control the synthesis of proteins. Gene expression is vital to determining cell functions and exactly how much protein should be produced by the cell. The process in which the end proteins are modified can also be manipulated by researchers. The types of cells which are typically handled in laboratories include prokaryotes. Escherichia coli is a bacteria foundRead MoreEssay On Mutation1657 Words   |  7 PagesSpontaneous mutations occur during a normal cell process creating genetic changes (text p.206). There are varying types of spontaneous mutations including, silent, missense, nonsense, and frameshift mutations. How are these mutations the same and how are they different? Silent, missense, and nonsense mutations all occur when base substitutions happen (text p.206). A base substitution is when the wrong nucleotide is incorporated during DNA synthesis, this is the most common mutation (lecture). In a silent

Whaleship Essex Free Essays

Book Review: In the heart of sea: the tragedy of the whaleship Essex, written by Nathaniel Philbrick, recounts the mystery surrounding the sinking of the whaleship Essex in the South Pacific. The ordeal of the whaleship Essex was an event as mythic in the nineteenth century as the sinking of the Titanic was in the twentieth. In 1819, the 238-ton Essex set sail from Nantucket on a routine voyage for whales. We will write a custom essay sample on Whaleship Essex or any similar topic only for you Order Now Fifteen months later, the unthinkable happened: in the farthest reaches of the South Pacific, the Essex was rammed and sunk by an enraged whale. Its twenty-man crew, fearing cannibals on the islands to the west, decided instead to sail their three tiny boats for the distant South American coast. They would eventually travel  over 4,500 miles. The next three months tested just how far humans could go in their battle against the sea as, one by one, they succumbed to hunger, thirst, disease and fear. This is not only a timeless account of the human spirit under extreme duress, but it is also a story about a community and about the kind of men and women who lived in the remote island of Nantucket. Philbrick uses little-known documents-including a long-lost account written by the ship’s cabin boy-and penetrating details about whaling and the Nantucket community to reveal the chilling events surrounding this epic maritime disaster. An intense and mesmerizing read, In the Heart of the Sea is a monumental work of history forever placing the Essex tragedy in the center of historical American maritime disasters. How to cite Whaleship Essex, Papers

Silence Review Essay Example

Silence Review Paper Essay on Silence In the novel Peter Hoga Silence is a quote by which will not pass any person who likes Bulgakov. The main character in a conversation with a friend in response to its proposal to ask the Almighty for help answers: You can not ask anything anyway, asking them to give other notes only about how to make the best possible ones.. you have. The new note is perfectly blended in a familiar tune, is not it? And in general a novel incomparable! Rich language (thanks to the translator), complex composition, nonlinear characters, absurd and incredible intricacies of the plot all this is very similar to the work of Gabriel Garcia Marquez but we can not tolerate in an atmosphere of the hot tropics and the mysterious legends of South America. Heroes are familiar to us in the framework of the large cities in the world, the port metropolis We will write a custom essay sample on Silence Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Silence Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Silence Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The plot in a nutshell, the next -. Were kidnapped children and their need to find and rescue. The plot of the novel really is. But its so not reflect the essence, depth, wisdom, is psychological novel as a childs drawing rocket its real structure Special attention is given music theme Silence.. Bach, Mozart, Haydn, classical and contemporary, rock, opera, and church singing, and the sounds and tones, and noise music city, music, nature, water, rain, hearts, souls, children, adults, anger, despair , fear, confidence, faith, love Everything in the book its melody, its tone how sorry I never studied music. I wish I could more clearly understand those changes and modulations, which, like the artist paints, draws HÃ ¸gh reality of his character, as would be more perfect was my perception of a work, if I had been more competent! Oh, how I envy those for whom all the variety of intonations and sounds will gain full sound But the text itself as a complex, multi-faceted, beautiful and rich in unexpected intonations and variations Concerto for Violin and Orchestra. Solo Kasper Krone. Composer and conductor Peter HÃ ¸eg. And to their credit both are not asked of other music, both played their data and played them brilliantly !

A Sound of Thunder a group Essay Example

A Sound of Thunder a group Essay Example A Sound of Thunder a group Paper A Sound of Thunder a group Paper Essay Topic: Ray Bradbury Short Stories Narrator brings us into the story-creating atmosphere. With the four men in the pub having there normal every night drinks. The tone of the story changes when a man called Mcfarlane. When the name Mcfarlane is mentioned Fettus who is in a drunken state becomes instantly sober when he hears the name, this creates suspense because we know something in the past had happened between the two men Fettus and Mcfarlane. When the men come face to face in the pub we realise history between the two men. But we have no idea what has happened we are left in suspense leaving us with the question why? What? And when?  Mcfarnlane then brings up the subject of money knowing that fettus isnt well off. Mcfarnlane offers Fettus money but Fettus refuses money from him. Mcfarnlane leaves the pub mysteriously. After Mcfarnlane had left the pub the four friends returned back to their usual evening drinks. We then learn a bit about Mcfarlane. But with Fettus unsettled he leaves the pub after three drinks instead of his usual five, which was very bazaar. The narrator then tells us how he wormed out the story and then goes into the past and starts to tell the story. Fettus back in his youth, studied medicine at Edinburgh University. He was talented,  intelligent and popular. We are taken back to the time Fettus was young. The story then carries on to tell us about the crime of body snatching and how Fettus gets involved. After the body snatching is revealed and the wheeling and dealings what goes on we find out the bodies that are bought on demand for the university are often murdered. Fettus and Mcfarnlane get involved with the body snatching and later on get involved with the killing of a man called Gray, which is then sold, to the university for dissecting. Some time after the death of Gray, the two men Mcfarlane and Fettus go out one night to get a body from a grave. Once the men had dug up the grave and bagged the body. They later find the body they had dug up is long dissected Gray. The two short stories A Sound of Thunder and The Body Snatcher are very similar in many different ways even though The Body Snatcher was written in the early 19th century, which has a genre of realism with a super natural element. When A Sound of Thunder was written in the late 19th century and has a genre of science fiction, which is set in the future. A Sound of Thunder is also an adventure story. Both stories A Sound of Thunder and The Body Snatcher involve the change of time  through out the stories. The two stories both change time zones. In A Sound of Thunder a group of five men, Three hunters and two safari leaders travel back in time, in a time machine to the year of then dinosaurs were alive. In The Body Snatcher we are told a story were we go back in time to a year in the main characters life, were we are told the dark, unpleasant, secretive happenings of the medical department in a university of Edinburgh. Were Fettus and Macfarlane studied in there youth. The two short stories both have the theme of business in them. The two stories both have the exchange of money some were through out the stories. In A Sound of Thunder the exchange of money takes place, when the hunters hand over ten thousand dollars to the safari leaders. This ten thousand dollars allows the hunters to travel back in time and shoot a dinosaur. In The Body Snatcher the exchange in money happens in the bringing of bodies for the medical students to dissect. All the live characters in The Body Snatcher and A Sound of Thunder are all male. This maybe because the incidences that take place in the two stories would be more realistic if male characters did them. Like for instance The Body Snatcher was written in the early 19th century. Women in the early 19th century were seen as inferior to men. This meant they werent allowed to be involved in any sort of business, or have an education which involved going to university, with these being the main topics in the sort story it is expected that the characters would be all male. All the characters in A Sound of Thunder are male this is because the sort story A Sound of Thunder was written around the 1950s, women in the 1950s were still seen as less important than men and werent seen of having a place in business or going out  hunting. As A Sound of Thunder was written in the future of the year 2055, the author Ray Bradbury obviously didnt see women becoming equal to men. Through out the two stories they both refer back to famous historical people and times in the past. A Sound of Thunder refers back to Alexander the Great, Caesar, Napoleon and Adolf Hitler and the year 1492 when America was discovered. The Body Snatcher refers back to the gruesome trials that took place in the early 19th century in Scotland, which were the famous grave robbers William Burke and William Hare. The stories are also very different in so many different ways. Apart from the genres of the stories and the years they were written in there are many differences in the stories. The titles of the stories are different in relation to their story. The title The Body Snatcher is a literal title, because the story is about body snatchers. With having a literal title this makes the genre of the story more realistic. The title A Sound of Thunder is a metaphorical title, the words a sound of thunder through out the story are used metaphorically like for example the bang of a gun, and the movement of the tyrannosaurs. With having a metaphorical title it emphasises the  genre of the story which is science fiction giving the story more of a sense of adventure and mystery, entering the world of unknown going back in time. The use of language is also very different in the two stories The Body Snatcher is written in language of the early 19th century. The language in the story The Body Snatcher is often verbose with the use of words that are now no longer used for example words like crapulous, ensigns, indemnified, and gig. The Language is often very poetic through out the story with the uses of metaphors, similes, euphemism and oxymorons. But the story can also be very literal for example the title. The Body Snatcher is also very atmospheric, descriptive and detailed. The Sound of Thunders language is of recent. The story is set in America so the language is American with a few words not being what we English use from day to day. The currency is in dollars. The Sound of Thunder has very strong imagery, with very poetic language with the use of metaphors and similes. The Sound of Thunder is very imagery with graphical details. The story has a certain a pace to it. With the use of short sentences make the pace fast quick and on the ball all the time. The ending of the two short stories, The Body Snatcher and A Sound of Thunder, are both dramatic, the two stories both end with a twist but through out the stories there is a lot of foreshadowing leading up to an expected ending. The Sound of Thunder ends with the hunting group and the safari leaders arriving back at the year 2055 and finding that the world has changed because Eccles stood on a butterfly and killed it. With the change in atmosphere and human education Travis the Safari leader unexpectedly shoots Eccles. Ending the story with There was a sound of thunder.

How to Write a Dissertation Proposal

How to Write a Dissertation Proposal How to Write a Dissertation Proposal Several guidelines are provided to enable an individual to write an excellent dissertation proposal. Here they are for your attention. They should be well detailed regarding the research topic. Current research shows that to be able to write a good dissertation proposal, students have to be well conversant with the topic at hand. This means that they need to gain a lot of information on the subject matter by reading several materials and books on the topic, know current findings on the topic and be able to access various literary sources. They should be able to go outside the area of study. This mainly means that they will be able to research from related topics and as a result, the research work presented will be unique, thus outdoing previous research on the subject matter. The issue of going outside the given area of study is an advantage in that it is a good source of new ideas for a given area of study. They have to be attentive. The issue of attention is a very powerful tool, especially, in the practical application of knowledge gained. In addition, it helps individuals to know the various methods, as well as the procedures, used in a given analysis. This then becomes a great source of information for the broad topic of study. They should know how to cite papers. For instance, an individual who knows the list of authors who wrote a particular article would give a great referenced dissertation proposal paper. In addition, having a good knowledge in the area of text citations would result to a great dissertation proposal. They should be creative. When a researcher is able to refer to research papers that were written previously and come up with new ideas, the outcome document becomes of greater value in comparison to earlier documents. Below is the suggested format that should be used in the writing of a dissertation proposal: A clear formulation of the research question at hand. Justifying the Research Project. Writing a literature review. Compiling conceptual and theoretical research work. Stating the research methodology. Giving a detailed research plan that indicates how the various research stages will be carried out. Budget and Time factor. References together with appendices. Do always remember that, in case you fail to compose a dissertation proposal on your own and the deadline is due in a very short period of time, you can always contact the custom writing agency for help. Proficient writers will rescue you if you are in need and you will get a carefully composed paper within the time you had indicated to them. Do you still need dissertation proposal help online? You can hire our PhD writers who will write a custom proposal for your dissertation. Try our writing service now!

A cross sectional study of tension headache among Ahlia University Thesis

A cross sectional study of tension headache among Ahlia University male students in the Kingdom of Bahrain - Thesis Example Technology has become the mantra of this generation. Cyber technology has allowed people to access the world at their fingertips. No matter how comfortable life today is, we cannot deny the fact that more and more people are being stressed a lot. We now live in a fast-paced environment where people wake up early in the morning, start their day with a cup of coffee, and then rush off to school or work. Some even juggle work and school at the same time. Living through a day is one big headache. Sometimes, some detest getting up in the morning. No matter how convenient living in this century is, it does not always equal to happiness. There are events in one’s life that may cause one to be unhappy. These unpleasant events are one of the causes of tension headache. What is tension headache? Tension headache or tension-type headache is the most common type of chronic recurring head pain (Blanda). According to the International Headache Society, tension - type headache is the most co mmon type of primary headache: its lifetime prevalence in the general population ranges in different studies from 30 to 78%. At the same time, it is the least studied of the primary headache disorders, despite the fact that it has the highest socio-economic impact. It can be further classified as episodic headache, chronic tension-type headache.... There may be mild nausea, photophobia or phonophobia. According to Schwartz, Stewart, Simon and Lipton, tension-type headache is a highly prevalent condition. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, tension headaches affects up to 78% of the general population. It is also the most neglected and undertreated type of headache. Tension – type headache has no specific cause. It is often triggered by emotional tension, anxiety, tiredness or stress. It can affect both young and old. Young students who seem to be healthy but have a lifestyle full of stress often put themselves at a very high risk for tension headaches. Treatment goals for tension headache usually includes analgesics and massage therapy. Through the help of evidenced - based practice, new approaches towards tension headache emerged. Physiotherapy has greatly contributed in the treatment of tension headaches. Despite the comfortable lifestyle that people have, the incidence of tension headache is increa sing. There is evidence that biofeedback, yoga and relaxation techniques can help relieve pain and lower the number of headaches (University of Maryland Medical Center). This study focuses on the prevalence of tension headache across college departments as it relates to the difficulty of courses. Statement of the Problem This research aims to look into the relationship of course difficulty and the incidence of tension headache among the male students of Ahlia University in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions: 1. What is the frequency of occurrence of tension headache among the respondents? 2. What is the common characteristic of pain among the

Key Performance Indicators Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Key Performance Indicators - Essay Example According to the research findings, efficiency is about deploying the most optimal number of staff and serving the most number of customers at the least amount of time. while customer service is about being able to deliver on important customer service metrics like the order to fulfillment lead times, waiting times between customers, maximizing the size of the queue for both cars and dine-in customers, payment queues, the number of people served per table. Â  These twin concerns are of course of paramount concern for the firm, given that both impact profitability. Customer service affects the top-line revenues, in that the greatest number of people served results in the greatest amount of revenues for the firm, while efficiency metrics relating to the most efficient use of staff to serve the greatest amount of customers impact costs. When both costs and revenues are optimized, this results in the greatest possible bottom line results for the firm. In the case at hand, the KPIs are a rguably those that capture best the kind of efficiency and customer service gains that are optimal for the restaurant, and for these chosen KPIs the different shifts are measured. The simulation results detail many different KPIs that can potentially capture the most important data that serve the purpose of optimizing both revenues and costs as discussed above, and given the kinds of data collected for the different shifts, the choices were made based on what kind of metrics will yield the most in terms of optimizing both customer service levels and staffing levels. In the ideal case, the best shift to be chosen is one that employs the least amount of staff while at the same time maximizing customer service metrics that relate to the five KPIs chosen for this analysis. Without the KPIs, one would be inclined to choose that shift that employs the least amount of staff. Going the other extreme, the best shift would be the one that achieves the greatest customer service levels in terms of queue sizes and waiting times. Obviously, the latter impacts costs, while the former impacts customer service and therefore revenues. It is, therefore, a balance, and that balance is a function of the five KPIs chosen on the one hand and the staffing levels on the other.